Diet and nutrition with a stoma

Most foods can return to your diet

In the first weeks after surgery the bowel is settling, and a gentler diet is usually advised. After that, most people return to eating normally, introducing one new food at a time so they can tell how their body responds.

Everyone reacts differently. A food that troubles one ostomate may be perfectly fine for another, so keep a simple note of what affects you rather than avoiding whole food groups without reason.

Chewing matters more than avoiding

Food that is not chewed well can block a narrow stoma, particularly with an ileostomy. Chewing thoroughly and eating slowly does more good than cutting foods out.

Foods that need extra care include maize kernels, nuts, dried fruit, coconut, popcorn, tough vegetable skins, mushrooms and stringy vegetables such as covo stems.

Hydration, especially with an ileostomy

An ileostomy loses more fluid and salt than a colostomy, and dehydration is a real risk in hot weather. Signs include dark urine, headache, dry mouth, dizziness and tiredness.

Drink regularly through the day. If output is very high, plain water alone may not be enough, and an oral rehydration solution is better. Speak to your nurse or doctor if output stays high.

Practical adjustments

• Eat at regular times. Skipping meals can increase gas and irregular output.
• Sadza, rice, potatoes, bananas and smooth peanut butter tend to thicken output.
• Very spicy food, fizzy drinks, beer, onions and cabbage commonly increase gas or loosen output.
• Eating a small meal in the evening can reduce output overnight.
• If output stops and you have pain or swelling, stop eating solids, sip fluids and seek medical help.

Eating well on a limited budget

Good nutrition after ostomy surgery does not require expensive food. Sadza with beans, eggs, kapenta, groundnuts, seasonal vegetables cooked soft, and fruit provide the protein and energy needed for healing. What matters most is eating regularly and drinking enough.